Internal medicine encompasses a wide variety of disorders affecting the body's internal organs, including the heart, lungs, liver and gastro-intestinal system, kidneys and urinary tract, brain, spinal column, nerves, muscles, and joints. Although certain diseases affect particular organs, the majority of prevalent diseases - arteriosclerosis, diabetes, high blood pressure, and cancer - can impact several internal organs. The internist must thus be trained to recognize and manage a wide range of illnesses, as well as many patients with chronic and complex ailments, as the population ages. The internist, a specialist in internal medicine, typically works in hospitals, where he may care for patients during an acute illness or supervise their treatment in outpatient clinics. A considerable majority of internists in various European nations have an office-based practice with connections to local hospitals. An internist is not, however, a "family physician," who treats a far larger variety of disorders, including obstetrics and surgery, and who treats both children and adults.
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